Nicolai peteksen



revolves on its axis, and it is marked w'ith igures g in such a position that it stands op major, and the inner gures will give scales with flats will be found.

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NCOLAI PETERSEN, OF COLUMBUS, MISSISSIPPI. Letters Patent ivo. 64,360, dated April 30, 186i'.

MUSIGAL DIAL.

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To ALI. WI-IOM IT MAY CoNoER-N:

Be it known that I, NICOLAI PETERSEN, of Columbus, in the county et Lowndes, and State have invented a new and improved MusicalDial; and I do hereby declare that the following is a fall, clear, and exact description thereof, which will enable ethers'sliillcd inthe art to make and use the same, had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in which- Figure l represents. a front elevation of this invention.

Figure 2 is a transverse section of the saine, the line :v .'z, fig. 1, indicating the plane of section.

Figure'-B is a detached elevation ofthe movable disk.

Similar letters `of reference indicate like parts.

This invention relates to adial which exhibits all musical distances from one tothe other, in a circle, the various kinds of scales being distinguished by the diilerent colors. A movable dial combined withl the stationary dial allows offsetting the device for different key-notes.

The principal scales used in music are as follows: first, the chromatic scale, comprising all recognized tones- Aat intervals of halt` steps; second, the diatonic major scales, consisting of whole and half steps, viz, two whole, one half, three whole, and one half step; third, the diatonic minor harmonic scales, consisting e'l` one whole, one half, two whole, one and one -hali`, and one half steps; fourth, the di'atonic minor melodic which consist of one whole, one half, four whole,

descending, thouglrcoun'ting from one upwards, wholesteps. The chromatic scale is indicated b one half step. 0n the outside Ofsaid belt are of Mississippi,

reference being sounds or tones, as regards their names and scales, ascending, and one halt` step; fifth, the diatonie minor melodic scales, consisting of one whole', one halt", two whole, one half, and two y a blue belt, which is divided in twelve parts, each representing marked the names of the various tones, with Sharps (1) and flats between them, and suitable arrows, pointing from the adjoining letters towards said sharps and flats ('7 indicate the names C sharp, D dat, D sharp, E fiat, and soA forth. The second or green belt on the main dial A represents the diatonic ma'or scale; the third belt, the diatonic minor harmonic scales; the fourth belt, the ascending, and the fifth the descending minor melodic scales. The minor dial B is arranged so that it s, from one to seven, which, as said dial is turned, are'visible through holes in the stationary dial A. By means of the dial B it can readily be shown that all the scales of their kind, major and minor, arc.thc same in measurement, and said dial helps to remove the idea that all scales differ on accountof their larger or smaller number of flats or sharps.

By turni'ng the dial, -it will give all major, with their relative minor scales ascending and descending, and the transposition of scales is thereby materiallyfacilitated.

Having thc gurc l on the movable di'al B brought posite to C on thc major scale, the outer figures will give thc scale of C its relative minor scales in A in all its forms. By turning ligure l opposite to G, vthe G scale will be formed with one sharp, and by continuing to turn or transpose from 1 to 5, new scales are formed andanew sharp is added at every turn, until seven Sharps are gainedY in the key of C?.

Going back to C, and then turning l to 4, or F, one

lat will be found in the scale, and by continuing 1 to 4, all the The relative minor scales will always follow. One rule must be observed, viz, that all letters must occur in all the scales, whether natural, dat, or sharp, and consequently non-e twice. For

this reason, some letters must sometimes be called double sharp, such as thc C, F, and G double shar which occur in tbe D, G, and A l s, minor scales. What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is- 1. A musical di al, substantially as and for the purpose described. 2. The combination of the movable dial B with thcstationary main dial A, as and for the purpose set forth.

The above specification of my invention signed by'me this 22d day of October, 18GB.

- NICOLAI PETERSEN. Witnesses:

T. A. Tnirsnann,

J. Rowman. 

